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Cross-Modal Retrieval for Radiology Report Generation from Chest X-Ray: A Framework Using Contrastive Learning Between Image Patches and Report Sentences
Chest X-ray report generation is time-consuming and contributes to radiologist workload and burnout, motivating the need for AI systems that can reduce cognitive burden while preserving clinical accuracy. Although encoder-decoder models can generate reports from images, they often suffer from hallucinations, producing findings that are not present or missing real abnormalities due to lack of explicit grounding in evidence, making them unreliable for clinical use. To address this, we propose a cross-modal retrieval framework that generates reports by retrieving and assembling clinically validated sentences from existing radiology reports rather than generating text from scratch. The system uses contrastive learning to align chest X-ray image patches with report sentences in a shared embedding space, enabling retrieval of the most relevant clinical descriptions. A patch encoder extracts visual features, a sentence encoder represents report text, and a retrieval module identifies semantically matching sentences, which are then composed into a coherent final report. Because all outputs are sourced from real clinical reports, the method substantially reduces hallucinations while improving factual reliability and interpretability. This retrieval-based approach offers a scalable and safer alternative to generative models and can be evaluated on datasets such as MIMIC-CXR and CheXpert for clinical accuracy and retrieval performance.
Journal of Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare Systems
Original Research | Open access | 20 July 2024 | Article: 91
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AI-driven Diagnostics Artificial Intelligence in Health Informatics Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Big Data in Healthcare Clinical Data Mining Clinical Decision Support Systems Clinical Informatics Computer Vision Connected Health Systems Deep Learning Digital Health Digital Healthcare Innovation Digital Transformation in Healthcare Electronic Health Records Ethical AI in Healthcare Explainable AI Health Data Analytics Health Data Privacy Health Informatics Health Information Management Health Information Systems Health System Optimization Health Technology Assessment Healthcare Data Science Healthcare Informatics Healthcare Information Security Healthcare Management Healthcare Management Information Systems Intelligent Medical Systems Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) Interoperability in Healthcare Systems Machine Learning Medical Data Analytics Medical Data Management Medical Imaging Mobile Health (mHealth) Natural Language Processing Precision Medicine Predictive Analytics Remote Patient Monitoring Smart Healthcare Systems Telemedicine Wearable Health Technologies e-Health




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